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61.
High Temperamental Negative Affectivity in early childhood has been found to predict later emotion dysregulation. While much work has been conducted to separately probe bio-behavioral systems associated with Negative Affectivity, very little work has examined the relations among multiple systems across age. In this study, we use multi-modal methods to index neurobiological systems associated with Negative Affectivity in 53 4-7-year-old children. Prefrontal activation during emotion regulation was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy over the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) while children played a game designed to elicit frustration in Social (Happy and Angry faces) and Nonsocial contexts. Gaze behaviors while free-viewing Happy and Angry faces were also measured. Finally, Negative Affectivity was indexed using a score composite based on factor analysis of parent-reported temperament. Using mixed-effects linear models, we found an age-dependent association between Negative Affectivity and both PFC activation during frustration and fixation duration on the mouth area of Happy faces, such that older children high in Negative Affectivity spent less time looking at the mouths of Happy faces and had lower PFC activation in response to frustration (ps<0.034). These results provide further insight to how Negative Affectivity may be associated with changes in affective neurobiological systems across early childhood. 相似文献
62.
ObjectiveExposure to childhood trauma (CT) is associated with cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, and deficits in social cognition in particular. Here, we sought to test whether IL-6 mediated the association between CT and social cognition both directly, and sequentially via altered default mode network (DMN) connectivity.MethodsThree-hundred-and-eleven participants (104 patients and 207 healthy participants) were included, with MRI data acquired in a subset of n = 147. CT was measured using the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ). IL-6 was measured in both plasma and in toll like receptor (TLR) stimulated whole blood. The CANTAB emotion recognition task (ERT) was administered to assess social cognition, and cortical connectivity was assessed based on resting DMN connectivity.ResultsHigher IL-6 levels, measured both in plasma and in toll-like receptor (TLR-2) stimulated blood, were significantly correlated with higher CTQ scores and lower cognitive and social cognitive function. Plasma IL-6 was further observed to partly mediate the association between higher CT scores and lower emotion recognition performance (CTQ total: βindirect −0.0234, 95% CI: −0.0573 to −0.0074; CTQ physical neglect: βindirect = −0.0316, 95% CI: −0.0741 to −0.0049). Finally, sequential mediation was observed between plasma IL-6 levels and DMN connectivity in mediating the effects of higher CTQ on lower social cognitive function (βindirect = −0.0618, 95% CI: −0.1523 to −0.285).ConclusionThis work suggests that previous associations between CT and social cognition may be partly mediated via an increased inflammatory response. IL-6′s association with changes in DMN activity further suggest at least one cortical network via which CT related effects on cognition may be transmitted. 相似文献
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《Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries》2022,48(1):111-117
IntroductionA >25% increase in daily insulin dosing is suggestive of possible sepsis in burn patients, however, no conclusive evidence is available regarding the time point at which insulin dosing begins to increase. The purpose of this study is to determine the exact time point at which the insulin requirement increases among non-diabetic burn patients with sepsis.MethodsA retrospective chart review in non-diabetic burn patients with ≥20% total body surface area burned (TBSA) during 2010–2018 who received a blood culture for suspected sepsis. Absolute insulin dosing at intervals (0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h prior to blood culture) were Box–Cox transformed and compared vs.?96 h reference using mixed-effects models accounting for within-patient dependencies.ResultsFifty-eight patients (84% males, age 44 ± 17 years, TBSA% 49 ± 17.5) were included. When cube root of daily insulin dosing was regressed on each time point in a mixed-effects model, statistically significant increase in insulin dosing compared to baseline was observed for ?48 (p = 0.018), ?24 (p = 0.011), and 0 h (p = 0.008).ConclusionDaily insulin dosing increases 48 h prior to development of other clinical signs of sepsis and can be used as a sensitive early marker. 相似文献
66.
Simone F. Carron Mujun Sun Sandy R. Shultz Ramesh Rajan 《The Journal of comparative neurology》2020,528(2):175-198
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in excitation: inhibition imbalance, as well as a range of chronic neurological deficits. However, how TBI affects different interneurons, and how this relates to behavioral abnormalities, remains poorly understood. This study examined the effects of a mixed diffuse-focal model of TBI, the lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI), on interneurons, 8 weeks post-TBI in rats. Brains were labeled with antibodies against calbindin, parvalbumin, calretinin, neuropeptide Y, and somatostatin, and the number of interneurons were assessed in the cortex and hippocampus following LFPI. LFPI caused a reduction in the numbers of interneurons mediating both perisomatic and dendritic inhibition in the somatosensory cortex. In hippocampus, there were heterogenous changes in the number of interneurons while motor cortex, showed no obvious loss in any of the subsets of interneurons after TBI. In parallel to the investigations of changes in the number of interneurons, we also investigated the long-term behavioral consequences of LFPI. Behaviorally, rats given an LFPI displayed transient reduction in performance in motor tasks and were significantly impaired in reversal learning in the water maze task post-TBI. We also report here progressive neurodegeneration in cortex and hippocampus indicated by Fluoro-Jade C in the different brain areas examined after injury. Our findings suggest differential vulnerability of inhibitory neurons to LFPI in the different brain areas examined after injury. These data will aid in evaluation of new treatments for TBI and help target specific neuronal subtypes as a function of injury time and type. 相似文献
67.
陈超丽 《中国卫生标准管理》2020,(8):156-158
目的分析人性化护理在轻度脑外伤手术中的患者应用价值。方法2018年1月-2019年12月于我科接受手术治疗的72例轻度脑外伤患者为观察对象,奇偶法分组,对照组(常规护理)35例,试验组(人性化护理)37例,分析应用价值。结果护理后,两组患者HAMA、HAMD评分均有所下降,且试验组患者HAMA、HAMD评分更低,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理后,试验组患者生活质量评分高于对照组,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论轻度脑外伤手术患者行人性化护理可达到理想的应用价值,对于情绪的改善、生活质量的提升价值显著。 相似文献
68.
《Surgery (Oxford)》2020,38(3):139-142
Tourniquets have been around for many years, providing surgeons with a bloodless operative field and saving lives in the pre-hospital care of major limb trauma. However, their use does come with risk. It is therefore extremely important that we, as surgeons, fully understand the physiological influence they impose on patients, the complications associated with their use and, moreover, how to minimize the incidence of these complications. Most tourniquets are now electronically controlled pneumatic devices with built-in pressure sensors and timers. Classically, inflation to 250 mmHg in the upper limb and 300 mmHg in the lower limb is used, but a move towards patient-specific limb occlusion pressures is suggested, although it is more difficult due to the requirement of more time-consuming set-up. Complications from tourniquets can occur, such as nerve injury, pain, venous thromboembolism or even cardiac overload and reperfusion injury. Limiting use to key parts of an operation or using alternatives such as adrenaline infiltration and tranexamic acid can be of benefit. As such, any use of a tourniquet during an operation must be treated with caution and be deployed taking into account the specific characteristics of that particular patient. 相似文献
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Vera Skvirsky Caroline J. Hollins Martin Colin R. Martin 《Journal of reproductive and infant psychology》2020,38(2):214-220
ABSTRACTObjective and background: The Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R) is a multi-dimensional measure which is recommended by international clinical guidelines for global use as the birth satisfaction outcome measure of choice. The current investigation sought to develop a Hebrew version of the BSS-R for use in the Jewish–Israeli context and examine the relationship between BSS-R domains and the perception of the experience of labour as traumatic.Methods: Following review, translation, and back-translation for linguistic equivalence, a Hebrew version of the BSS-R (H-BSS-R) was prepared and psychometrically evaluated using key indices of validity and reliability. Complete multivariate normal data from 288 first-time Jewish Israeli mothers within two years after childbirth was entered into the analysis.Results: The H-BSS-R was found to have a good fit to the BSS-R tridimensional measurement model, excellent internal consistency, divergent and known-group discriminant validity. Moreover, women who experienced their labour as traumatic had significantly lower H-BSS-R subscale scores than women who reported that their birth experience was non-traumatic.Conclusion: The H-BSS-R is a robust and valid measure suitable for use with Jewish–Israeli women, as well as for investigating the relationship between traumatic labour and birth satisfaction. 相似文献